A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine. The cohort analyses may be biased toward the null if some infected infants were misclassified as uninfected due to the absence of a SARS-CoV-2 test result in the medical record. Racial and ethnic disparities in rates of COVID-19associated hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital death in the United States from March 2020 to February 2021. Article 40, e137e145 (2021). * Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster dose. Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Waning 2-dose and 3-dose effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among adults during periods of delta and omicron variant predominanceVISION Network, 10 states, August 2021-January 2022. The average age of participants was 60.8 years, and 92.0% were White. If SARS-CoV-2 test date was missing, hospitalization admission date was used. SARS-CoV-2 delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness. . CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. This correction ensures that there is always a reasonable denominator for the unvaccinated population that would prevent hospitalization rates from growing unrealistically large because of potential overestimates of vaccination coverage. American Academy of Pediatrics. These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. 20, 15225 (2016). 387, 109119 (2022). COVID-19 vaccination coverage among pregnant women during pregnancyEight Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-May 8, 2021. Science brief: omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe illnesses and hospitalizations in children and infants2,3,4,5. If ethnicity was unknown, non-Hispanic ethnicity was assumed. Morb. NEW YORK and MAINZ, GERMANY, March 1, 2023 Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX) today submitted an application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of a booster (fourth) dose of the companies' Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine in children 6 months through 4 years of age (also referred to as under 5 years). N. Engl. Clinical information was abstracted for 5,681 adults with COVID-19associated hospitalization during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022 (Table). The researchers used the QCovid risk model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for clinical risk factors. We did not have genotyping data to confirm the variant that infected infants who tested positive and instead relied on state data regarding circulating strain predominance in the Northern California region. T.R. This work was supported by grants from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council (NMF, WH, SB, EV, ACG [Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; MR/R015600/1], DDA, AMP [MC/UU/00002/11], and SRS [MC/UU/00002/10]); Medical Research Council UKRIDepartment of Health and Social Care National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) COVID-19 rapid response call (NMF, SB [MR/V038109/1], TN, AC, DDA, and AMP [MC/PC/19074]); the NIHR Health Protection Units in: Modelling and Health Economics (NMF, WH, SB, EV, AC, and ACG [NIHR200908]), Behavioural Science and Evaluation (AC and DDA), and Respiratory Infections (JLB); Wellcome Trust (SFunk and SA [210758/Z/18/Z]); philanthropic funding from Community Jameel (NMF, WH, SB, and EV); and the UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (SFlax [EP/V002910/2]). COVID-19 incidence and death rates among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with and without booster doses during periods of Delta and Omicron variant emergence25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4December 25, 2021. 9-14 As of October 2022, 68% of the US population has completed primary series vaccination. Urban Health 83, 10411062 (2006). Frequency, characteristics and complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized infants. Morb. PubMed Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in Israel's second-largest . Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). CIDRAP - Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). We thank staff at UKHSA and members of the UK Government SPI-M committee and the UKHSA Variant Technical Group for valuable discussions. The study provides evidence that a previous omicron infection in triple-vaccinated individuals provides high amounts of protection against BA.5 and BA.2 infections. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. J. Med. Proportions between the pre-Delta and Delta period were compared using chi-square tests; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant, adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction method. This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. J. Med. To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning when 14 days have passed since at least 5% of the population of adults aged 18 years in the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area had received an additional or booster dose. endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Among 829 adults hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 49.4% were unvaccinated, compared with 69.5% during the Delta-predominant period (p<0.01). Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. Gordon, N. & Lin, T. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey. From this cohort, the study excluded the following infants born to (1) mothers who were not between ages 16 and 50 years at pregnancy onset; (2) mothers who did not have a primary KPNC facility assignment; (3) mothers who were not continuous KPNC members from December 15, 2020 until delivery; (4) mothers who had a positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to pregnancy onset; (5) mothers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test documented by KPNC prior to the onset of pregnancy; (6) mothers who received one or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine prior to pregnancy onset. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged. B., Lewis. No other exclusion criteria were applied. E.L. coordinated administrative tasks. The rates don't account for non-vaccine-related risks, Mark Jit, professor of vaccine epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine told Insider in an email. PubMed N. Engl. 384, 403416 (2021). Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. The study did not adjust for maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy due to the inability of capturing home testing results. Ferdinands, J. M. et al. Finally, we conducted additional supplemental analyses to estimate VE among children whose mothers received at least one vaccine dose prior to pregnancy onset and at least one dose during pregnancy. Relative to unvaccinated hospitalized patients, hospitalized vaccinees were more likely to be older (median age, 70 vs 58 years) and to have at least three underlying conditions (77.8% vs 51.6%). J. Obstet. Mothers were classified as either having had 2 doses or one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (and completed more than 14 days prior to delivery) or not having had any COVID-19 vaccines prior to delivery. Our findings that receipt of at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was effective at protecting infants during the Delta period are similar to those reported in a recent Norwegian study showing that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a 71% decreased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants during their first 4 months of life during the Delta period17. J. Med. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. CDC graphs show in detail the protection vaccines gave from hospitalization. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. Rates cannot be stratified by pregnancy status because the underlying population of pregnant women in the catchment area is unknown. Buchan, S. A. et al. In January 2022, unvaccinated adults and those vaccinated with a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, were 12 and three times as likely to be hospitalized, respectively, as were adults who received booster or additional doses. J. Med. Hospitalization rates were 10.5 times higher in the unvaccinated and 2.5 times higher in vaccinated patients with no booster than in booster recipients. We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. During the Delta dominant period, the crude incidences of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life were lower among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (0.75, 1.43, and 1.56 infants per 100 person-years [PY], respectively) than those whose mothers were not vaccinated during pregnancy (5.47, 5.10, and 4.78 infants per 100 PYs, respectively). Article For mothers of infants in the cohort, we extracted from the electronic health record data: age at pregnancy onset, self-reported race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, Native American, Other, White), the primary KPNC facility at which the woman received most of their health care, insurance payor (dichotomized as Medicare/Medicaid/other subsidized insurance and Other), neighborhood deprivation index [NDI]35 categorized into quartiles with higher values representing greater deprivation), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI=kg/m2; underweight <18.5, normal 18.524.9, overweight 25.029.9, obese 30.0), pre-pregnancy diabetes status, pre-pregnancy hypertension, and parity (0, 1, 2, 3, 4). We observed a similar pattern in vaccine effectiveness by trimester during the Omicron dominant period, however, estimates of vaccine effectiveness by trimester were imprecise and much lower than during the Delta period (Table3). Hobbs, C. V. et al. China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. Surveillance officers abstracted data on sampled patients from medical charts. Informed consent was waived because this was a data-only study with no direct contact with participants. Over the entire study period, the crude rate of hospitalization with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy compared with infants whose mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy (21/100,000 PY vs. 100/100,000 PY). pdf files, Omicron: fewer adverse outcomes come with new dangers, Statement on offensive historical content, Redistribute or republish the final article, Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works. PLoS ONE 15, e0229279 (2020). If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. The report found that, during the omicron wave 6,743.5 per 100,000 unvaccinated people were contracting COVID-19 and 187.8 per 100,000 were hospitalized. CDC is not responsible for the content However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. Wkly. According to the CDC, hospitalization rates among the unvaccinated were 16 times higher in December overall. CDC twenty four seven. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Female sex was a protective factor (HR, 0.52), while residence in a nursing home or low-income area was a risk factor. Most QCovid risk groups were tied to an increased risk of post-booster death, except congenital heart disease, asthma, and previous fracture. 189, 13791388 (2020). CAS Jackson, M. L. & Nelson, J. C. The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness. Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis. Vaccines: The CDC recommends that everyone age 5 and older get an updated covid booster shot. Although hospitalization rates increased for all adults, rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among adults who had received a primary series and a booster or additional dose. Vaccine 31, 21652168 (2013). J. Pediatr. Most hospitalized children were unvaccinated, and nearly one in three were Black. Most mothers (1032 of 1138) who received only one dose received the vaccine during the third trimester. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm).